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C1 c2 c3 cervical spine x ray4/2/2024 Further cases were published from 1962 ( 8-11) to 1978 ( 12), with this type of fracture characterized as very rare.įractures of the occipital condyle require conservative treatment. The first description of occipital condyle fractures in the literature was provided by Bell ( 6) in 1817, and the second was not published before 1900 ( 7). When flexion is added to the head rotation, the alar ligament is maximally dilated and the cervical spine becomes more vulnerable to injury ( 5). Occipital condyle fracturesĮxtension of the upper part of the cervical spine is limited mainly by the transverse portion of the alar ligaments. There is a bimodal age distribution among patients with spinal cord injuries: the first peak occurs in patients between 15 and 24 years, and the second in patients over 55 years of age ( 2-4). The most common causes of cervical spine injury are automobile accidents, followed by diving into shallow water, firearm injuries, and sports activities ( 1, 2). Achieving the correct diagnosis and classification of a lesion is the first step toward identifying the most appropriate treatment, which can be either surgical or conservative. CONCLUSIONS:įractures of the cervical spine are potentially serious and devastating if not properly treated. Nerve or spinal cord injuries, pseudarthrosis or malunion, and postoperative infection are the main complications of cervical spine fractures. It is important to correctly classify the fracture to ensure appropriate treatment. In the lower cervical spine, fractures follow the same pattern as in other segments of the spine currently, the most widely used classification is the SLIC (Subaxial Injury Classification), which predicts the prognosis of an injury based on morphology, the integrity of the disc-ligamentous complex, and the patient's neurological status. These fractures are characterized based on specific classifications. Fractures in the upper cervical spine include fractures of the occipital condyle and the atlas, atlanto-axial dislocations, fractures of the odontoid process, and hangman's fractures in the C2 segment. The cervical spine is divided into the upper cervical spine (occiput-C2) and the lower cervical spine (C3-C7), according to anatomical differences. These fractures are more common in men approximately 30 years of age and are most often caused by automobile accidents. RESULTS:įractures of the cervical spine may be present in polytraumatized patients and should be suspected in patients complaining of neck pain. The literature on the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of lower and upper cervical fractures and dislocations was reviewed. The aim of this study was to review the literature on cervical spine fractures.
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